I finally finished writing the plugin implements the nine-patch image. A feature of this plugin is the relevant standards adopted among Android-developers. About this standard, you can read here.
Plugin on GitHub:
https://github.com/VitaZheltyakov/phaser-nine-patch-plugin
How plugin works
First, you create a special image according to the standard.
Then, add the plugin:
<script src="js/phaser-nine-patch.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
Then you can create an nine-patch image as follows:
game.add.ninePatch(x, y, width, height, key, keyInCache);
or
new Phaser.NinePatchImage(x, y, width, height, key, keyInCache);
This object behaves like an image, but may contain information about the padding box (read standart)
I also prepared 4 examples.